Association of lysyl oxidase-like 1 gene polymorphisms with exfoliation syndrome in Koreans

PURPOSE To evaluate the association of the lysyl oxidase-like 1 (LOXL1) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the Korean population with exfoliation syndrome (XFS) and to investigate the association between the SNPs and phenotypes of XFS. METHODS Eighty-nine unrelated patients with XFS and 146 unrelated control subjects were recruited. LOXL1 SNPs, rs1048661, rs3825942, and rs2165241, were genotyped by direct DNA sequencing. Association between cases and controls was analyzed and phenotypic features of XFS were compared in terms of the SNPs. RESULTS The three SNPs were found to be significantly associated with XFS. After adjusting for rs3825942, rs2165241, and other factors influencing the prevalence of XFS, only rs1048661 among three SNPs remained significant (95% confidence interval=4.11-35.78, p=6.11×10(-6)). T allele and TT genotype of rs1048661 and C allele and CC genotype of rs2165241 were associated with XFS, showing risk alleles and genotypes opposite to those reported in Caucasians. In the haplotype analysis, T-G-C was the only risk haplotype (p=3.35×10(-12)), which was not associated with XFS in Caucasians. No significant differences were noted in the allele and genotype frequencies depending on phenotypic features of XFS. CONCLUSIONS Three LOXL1 SNPs are associated with XFS in the Korean population. Risk alleles and genotypes of rs1048661 and rs2165241 in Korean have a similar pattern with those of East Asians, including Japanese and Northern Chinese, while they have a different pattern from those of Caucasians.